Biodiversity of Anaerobic Fungi from Ruminants in Republic of Macedonia

Herbivores as well as other vertebrates are not capable of producing cellulases and/or hemicelullases. Instead, a lot of herbivores form symbiotic associations with bacteria, protozoa and fungi which produce these enszymes and therefore are capable of degrading the plant polymers. In return for the relatively constant environment and continuous flow of plant material, the microorganisms of the herbivores’ digestive system provide the animal with easily usable form of carbon and energy, and ruminants with microbial proteins. Microbial eco-system of rumen is stable and at the same time dynamic [1]. Stability is seen in the fact that the system itself is set well, in function and bioconversion of food in volatile fatty acids. In healthy ruminants, there is no contamination of eco-system although millions of microorganisms attack the rumen every day via food, water and air. Namely, this happens because rumen-microorganisms are adapted to survive the conditions in the rumen, whereas contaminants do not survive. They are anaerobyosis, high buffer capacity and osmotic pressure. On the other hand, the eco-system is dynamic due to the change of microbial population by changing food and frequency of feeding.